Questions and Answers
A router is a specialized tool that is connected from a computer up to more than just a network. It mainly runs software that lets it to move up data from network to network. The routers operate at the layer of the network known as OSI Model- Layer 3. The main function of the router is to connect the networks together and then keep the layer 2 broadcast traffic right under the control. There are actually some companies making routers. The reasons why a router is necessary are the following:
• Restrict the broadcast of the network to the LAN. The network administrator could then break up the network with a very large number of hosts in two smaller types of networks.
• It will act as the default gateway. With the networks today, people would be connected to the internet. Whenever your computer wants to talk to a computer on another network, it does so by sending your data to the default gateway, which is your router.
• They could move the data in between the networks. It works for routing and the transmission of the protocol.
• It gives the best path calculations.
• It gives out route advertisement.
The router is an important thing when it comes to connecting to the internet.
There are barely handful dissimilarities between Hyper Text Markup Language (Html) and extensible Hypertext Markup Language (Xhtml) but they are of major significance. They do not look major but can surely have vital consequences.
Html, that is the Hyper Markup Language was established underneath the authority of SGML in 1991. It is a writing of a computer program system via which the vocabulary of instructions and directions is produced and its study of Html is an instruction of contents that make use of simpler arrangement of identifications, for the act of presenting information. The expression ‘hyper’ consigns the feature of being energetic and engaged. The features include titles, tables, sections and rows, and are underlined beneath the identifications of beginning and ending. The identification that is accustomed on Html is marked as an instruction that distinguish its features and also has characteristics affiliated to it.
Xhtml is a combination of Hyper Text Markup Language (Html). It has its personal existence and essence likewise following pattern of SGML. It is completely capable of being extended or protruded. The term XML places its personnel rules in order to preserve information and neglect all the complicated choices. It emphasizes on a genuine construction and arrangement, keeping in minds the features and its proclamation.
SMTP or the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a set of communication guidelines that lets software to transmit email through the internet. Most of the email software is being designed to use this kind of protocol for the purpose of communications hen sending emails and it would only work for the outgoing messages. Whenever the people set up their email programs, they would usually have the need of giving the address of the SMTP server internet provider or the outgoing mails. Moreover, there two other kinds of protocol that you could have. These are the IMAP and the POP3, which have been used for retrieving as well as storing the emails.
On the other hand, the SMTP gives out a good set of codes that would make the email message communication easy in between the servers. It is even a kind of shorthand, letting the server to just break various parts of the message into the categories in which the other server could surely understand. Any sort of email message has the recipient , the sender or even with multiple recipients, the message body and the title heading. From the user’s perspective, when they try to write an email message, they would then look up for the slick interface of the email software, yet when the email goes out to the internet, everything would turn into the strings of text.
Tags: Protocols
The ICMP stands for the Internet Control Message Protocol that is a lightweight set of applications designed originally to report and detect error conditions on the computer networks. The ICMP is the extension of the IP or the Internet Protocol and is being defined by the memorandum called as the RFC or the Request for Comments 792, being published by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Moreover, the ICMP lets the host, the router and even the other networking devices to simply exchange the basic control information just like the information on the status as well as the error, most especially when the data is being sent from a certain device up to another. Thus, it only means that the ICMP is useful when it comes to probing a certain network and determine its general characteristics or connectivity problems in troubleshooting the network. Whenever the network administrators understand ICMP as well as the probable causes of certain types of ICMP messages, he or she would be better equipped for diagnosing the network problems.
Apart from those the IMAP or the Internet Message Access Protocol mainly sounds just like a bit of Apple that reinvents GPS or maps. The only thing is that, it doesn’t really come in white and could not actually see it. Apart from those, the internet access of the message is definitely what is it for.
The HTTP or the Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the main system that everyone uses in order to get access in the massive volumes or videos, text as well as images being stored all throughout the internet or upon our employer’s intranet. Imperatively, it lets your browsers and the servers that you use to get access to the internet. This is for you to know what you have been looking for and where you should send the information. Generally, the websites have http:// right at the beginning of the URL or the Uniform Resource Locator address. Whenever you enter the URL in the web browser, the browser will then send out a certain data request for the information being stored under the certain address, which will then be transferred back to you. Thus, your browser would interpret the data and then displays it for you in the right manner.
These days, a lot of websites have their https:// listed the prefix of the URL. It mainly stands for the HTTP secure and only means that the website page would be transmitted with the encryption. The banks as well as the other business websites are concerned about the security in the net and could just use the HTTPS type of protocol instead of those in which people have been used to.
Tags: Protocols
The MIME or the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension is a form of the non-text email attachments letting the attachments to be sent on the internet. The MIME actually lets your email client or the web browser to send and then receive things like the audio, video, spreadsheets as well as graphic files using the Internet mail.
MIME has been defined in the year 1992 by the IETF or the Internet Engineering Task Force. The distinguishing characteristic of the MIME message is mainly the presence of the headers of the MIME. As much as your mail recipients have email software that is a compliant of MIME and most of the e-mail software is, you could swap down he files that contains the attachments in an automatic way.
You could actually use up a tool in order to compress large files before ending. Most of the email systems would not actually accept messages that would surpass a certain size. It would always be a good idea for you to send the attached photographs into the JPEG or the Joint Photographic Experts Group format than those of the GIF or TIFF ones.
Moreover, some of the email software uses (.mim) or (.mme) files as the wrapper for the mail containing the non-text attachments. Just make it sure that when you are sending MIME attachments or the users of older versions of the AOL software, as earlier versions do not really handle MIME well.
The SSL or the Secure Sockets Layer is a highly used protocol for managing the security of the internet message transmission. Recently, it has been succeeded by the Transport Layer Security based on the SLL. Moreover, SSL uses a program layer in between the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and the TCP (Transport Control Protocol) layers. The SSL is included as part of both the Netscape or the Microsoft browsers and most of the products on the Web server.
The SSL, being developed by the Netscape has gained greater support of the Microsoft as well as the other Internet server or client developer and then became the actual standard right until evolving into the Transport Layer Security. Apart from those, the sockets, as part of the term mainly refers to the method of sockets when it comes to passing the data back and forth in between the server program and the client in the network or even in between the program layers in similar computer. The SSL makes use of the private public key encryption system from the RSA that mainly includes the use of the digital certificate. Both SSL and TLS are integral parts of most of the web browsers as well as the servers.
Tags: Protocols
The SNMP or the Simple Network Management Protocol is a standard TCP/IP protocol for the network management. Network administrators are using this kind of protocol in order to monitor and mainly map the availability of the network, the rates of the error as well as the performance. In order to work with the SNMP, the device of the network would use some sort of distributed data known as the MIB or the Management Information Base. All of the SNMP compliant devices have MIB that supplies the pertinent attributes of the device. Some of the attributes are being fixed into the MIB while the others serve to be the dynamic values that are being calculated by the software that runs on the device.
Some of the software for enterprise network management software are using SNMP commands in order to write and read data in every MIB device. The “GET” commands usually retrieve the data values, while the “SET” commands usually initiate some of the action of the device. For instance, a system reboot script is somewhat implemented in the management software by mainly defining a certain MIB attribute and issue the SNMP SET from the main software that writes the value of “reboot” in that certain attribute.
Tags: Protocols
The FTP or the File Transfer Protocol is a kind of protocol being used for transferring files in between devices directly on the internet. It is somewhat useful for those of the larger files and is somewhat robust and capable than those of the HTTP. Well, the HTTP is only used for delivering the web pages as well as the smaller files from the server up to a client in terms of web browsers. For the reason that no special browser is needed, the FTP is far more universal. The entire operating systems you know simply lets FTP file transfers directly from the line of command. However, the graphical programs of the FTP exist and it assists in organizing and facilitating the file transfers between the servers or the clients or even between the network servers, FTP assists the webmasters to publish the files driving the internet.
In order to transfer a certain file from the client to a server or to download a certain file from the server to the computer, the user needs to authenticate or mainly identify himself, most especially when logging on to the FTP kind of transfer or even modify many files as needed. The process of authentication also lets the remote host to set up proper file permissions, keeping up the users from viewing the files or directories in which they do not have any access.
Tags: Protocols
The ARP or the Address Resolution Protocol simply enables the IP data packaging to the Ethernet packages. It is even the system as well as the messaging protocol being used to find the hardware address or the Ethernet from a certain number of the Internet Protocol. Without this kind of protocol, the Ethernet package is not able to be generated from the IP package, since the Ethernet address could not be determined that well.
On the other hand, the RARP or the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol is being used to let the computer even without any sort of local permanent data storage media in order to know the IP address from the Ethernet address.
The difference with these two is that, the ARP is being used for mapping the IP network to the hardware address using the data link protocol. The RARP is then a kind of protocol that uses which the physical device on the LAN could appeal in order to find the IP address of the table or cache of the ARP from the gateway server. Thus, the IP address of the destination into the physical address conversation is being done by the ARP by means of LAN broadcasting. However, the physical address of the source for the IP address conversion is being done by RARP.
Tags: Protocols
